1.experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness;
feeling sad because his dog had died
2.of things that make you feel sad;
sad news
3.bad; unfortunate;
my finances were in a deplorable state
2005年,de la Monte课题组首次阐明了SAD作为3型糖尿病的新观点。3型糖尿病的主要特点是:脑内胰岛素受体的敏感性降低,即出现胰岛素抵抗,但却伴有脑内胰岛素水平下降,对维持神经元存活起着重要作用的胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)及其受体水平也降低。这类病人可同时存在糖尿病或外周糖代谢异常。 SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)季节性情感障碍